NAME

copyright - Debian Perl Group common copyright statements

INTRODUCTION

This is a small guide detailing some common copyright statements, which are used for many reasons. In particular, there are packages that are designed to generate files for inclusion in modules, such as Module::Install, AutoXS::Header and Devel::PPPort. These files have copyrights that may differ from the rest of the distribution, so it is important to cite them accordingly.

Contributions are welcomed, especially statements that are valid for earlier versions of the modules listed here.

Module::Install

Files: inc/Module/*
Copyright: 2002-2012, Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org>
 2002-2012, Audrey Tang <autrijus@autrijus.org>
 2002-2012, Brian Ingerson <ingy@cpan.org>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

AutoXS::Header

Files: AutoXS.h
Copyright: 2008-2009, Steffen Mueller <smueller@cpan.org>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Devel::PPPort

Files: ppport.h
Copyright: 2004-2013, Marcus Holland-Moritz <mhx-cpan@gmx.net>
 2001, Paul Marquess <pmqs@cpan.org> (Version 2.x)
 1999, Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com> (Version 1.x)
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Perl Core Modules

If modules are included in the Perl Core, but are not dual-life modules, there may be no appropriate upstream maintainer. Copyright and license is often assigned to Larry Wall (author of perl, the interpreter):

Files: ...
Copyright: 1993-2010, Larry Wall and others
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Uncommonly Included Modules

These modules are not explicitly designed to be included as part of module distributions, though they are occasionally redistributed by authors.

Devel::CheckLib

Files: inc/Devel/CheckLib.pm
Copyright: 2007, David Cantrell <pause@barnyard.co.uk>
 2007, David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

parent

Files: inc/parent.pm
Copyright: 2007-2010, Max Maischein <corion@cpan.org>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Spiffy

Files: inc/Spiffy.pm
Copyright: 2004-2006, Brian Ingerson <ingy@cpan.org>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Test::More

Files: inc/Test/More.pm
Copyright: 2001-2008, Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Test::Builder

Files: inc/Test/Builder.pm inc/Test/Builder/*
Copyright: 2002-2008, chromatic <chromatic@wgz.org>
 2002-2008, Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Test::Builder::IO::Scalar

Files: inc/Test/Builder/IO/Scalar.pm
Copyright: 1996, Eryq <eryq@zeegee.com>
 1999-2001, ZeeGee Software Inc. <http://www.zeegee.com/>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Test::Base

Files: inc/Test/Base.pm inc/Test/Base/*
Copyright: 2005-2009, Brian Ingerson <ingy@cpan.org>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

Test::NoWarnings

Files: inc/Test/NoWarnings.pm
Copyright: 2003-2007, Fergal Daly <fergal@esatclear.ie>
 2010, Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org>
License: Artistic or GPL-1+

COMMON LICENSES

This is some common license clauses that are not considered common enough to be included in `/usr/share/common-licenses/' (part of the base-files package; controlled by the Debian Policy Team). The guideline seems to be that there must be at least 250 packages using a license prior to inclusion.

An alternative to copying the texts from here is to use cme, e.g.

    cme modify dpkg-copyright 'License:"Artistic-2.0"' -save

Artistic License 2.0

This is the second version of the Artistic License. It is expected that this version will replace the current usage of the Artistic License (as is the recommendation of the Open Source Initiative), and it is indeed the license on all major Perl 6 implementations.

License: Artistic-2.0
 Copyright (c) 2000-2006, The Perl Foundation.
 .
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
 license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 .
 Preamble
 .
 This license establishes the terms under which a given free software
 Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed.
 The intent is that the Copyright Holder maintains some artistic
 control over the development of that Package while still keeping the
 Package available as open source and free software.
 .
 You are always permitted to make arrangements wholly outside of this
 license directly with the Copyright Holder of a given Package. If the
 terms of this license do not permit the full use that you propose to
 make of the Package, you should contact the Copyright Holder and seek
 a different licensing arrangement.
 .
 Definitions
 .
 "Copyright Holder" means the individual(s) or organization(s) named in
 the copyright notice for the entire Package.
 .
 "Contributor" means any party that has contributed code or other
 material to the Package, in accordance with the Copyright Holder's
 procedures.
 .
 "You" and "your" means any person who would like to copy, distribute,
 or modify the Package.
 .
 "Package" means the collection of files distributed by the Copyright
 Holder, and derivatives of that collection and/or of those files. A
 given Package may consist of either the Standard Version, or a
 Modified Version.
 .
 "Distribute" means providing a copy of the Package or making it
 accessible to anyone else, or in the case of a company or
 organization, to others outside of your company or organization.
 .
 "Distributor Fee" means any fee that you charge for Distributing this
 Package or providing support for this Package to another party. It
 does not mean licensing fees.
 .
 "Standard Version" refers to the Package if it has not been modified,
 or has been modified only in ways explicitly requested by the
 Copyright Holder.
 .
 "Modified Version" means the Package, if it has been changed, and such
 changes were not explicitly requested by the Copyright Holder.
 .
 "Original License" means this Artistic License as Distributed with the
 Standard Version of the Package, in its current version or as it may
 be modified by The Perl Foundation in the future.
 .
 "Source" form means the source code, documentation source, and
 configuration files for the Package.
 .
 "Compiled" form means the compiled bytecode, object code, binary, or
 any other form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation
 of the Source form.
 .
 Permission for Use and Modification Without Distribution
 .
 (1) You are permitted to use the Standard Version and create and use
     Modified Versions for any purpose without restriction, provided
     that you do not Distribute the Modified Version.
 .
 Permissions for Redistribution of the Standard Version
 .
 (2) You may Distribute verbatim copies of the Source form of the
     Standard Version of this Package in any medium without
     restriction, either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, provided
     that you duplicate all of the original copyright notices and
     associated disclaimers. At your discretion, such verbatim copies
     may or may not include a Compiled form of the Package.
 .
 (3) You may apply any bug fixes, portability changes, and other
     modifications made available from the Copyright Holder. The
     resulting Package will still be considered the Standard Version,
     and as such will be subject to the Original License.
 .
 Distribution of Modified Versions of the Package as Source
 .
 (4) You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis
     or for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of
     the Modified Version) provided that you clearly document how it
     differs from the Standard Version, including, but not limited to,
     documenting any non-standard features, executables, or modules,
     and provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
 .
    (a) make the Modified Version available to the Copyright Holder
        of the Standard Version, under the Original License, so that
        the Copyright Holder may include your modifications in the
        Standard Version.
    (b) ensure that installation of your Modified Version does not
        prevent the user installing or running the Standard Version.
        In addition, the Modified Version must bear a name that is
        different from the name of the Standard Version.
    (c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to
        make the Source form of the Modified Version available to
        others under
        (i)  the Original License or
        (ii) a license that permits the licensee to freely copy,
             modify and redistribute the Modified Version using the
             same licensing terms that apply to the copy that the
             licensee received, and requires that the Source form of
             the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it,
             be made freely available in that license fees are
             prohibited but Distributor Fees are allowed.
 .
 Distribution of Compiled Forms of the Standard Version or Modified
 Versions without the Source
 .
 (5) You may Distribute Compiled forms of the Standard Version without
     the Source, provided that you include complete instructions on
     how to get the Source of the Standard Version. Such instructions
     must be valid at the time of your distribution. If these
     instructions, at any time while you are carrying out such
     distribution, become invalid, you must provide new instructions
     on demand or cease further distribution. If you provide valid
     instructions or cease distribution within thirty days after you
     become aware that the instructions are invalid, then you do not
     forfeit any of your rights under this license.
 .
 (6) You may Distribute a Modified Version in Compiled form without
     the Source, provided that you comply with Section 4 with respect
     to the Source of the Modified Version.
 .
 Aggregating or Linking the Package
 .
 (7) You may aggregate the Package (either the Standard Version or
     Modified Version) with other packages and Distribute the
     resulting aggregation provided that you do not charge a licensing
     fee for the Package. Distributor Fees are permitted, and licensing
     fees for other components in the aggregation are permitted. The
     terms of this license apply to the use and Distribution of the
     Standard or Modified Versions as included in the aggregation.
 .
 (8) You are permitted to link Modified and Standard Versions with
     other works, to embed the Package in a larger work of your own,
     or to build stand-alone binary or bytecode versions of
     applications that include the Package, and Distribute the result
     without restriction, provided the result does not expose a direct
     interface to the Package.
 .
 Items That are Not Considered Part of a Modified Version
 .
 (9) Works (including, but not limited to, modules and scripts) that
     merely extend or make use of the Package, do not, by themselves,
     cause the Package to be a Modified Version. In addition, such
     works are not considered parts of the Package itself, and are
     not subject to the terms of this license.
 .
 General Provisions
 .
 (10) Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or
      Modified Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By
      using, modifying or distributing the Package, you accept this
      license. Do not use, modify, or distribute the Package, if you
      do not accept this license.
 .
 (11) If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified
      Version made by someone other than you, you are nevertheless
      required to ensure that your Modified Version complies with
      the requirements of this license.
 .
 (12) This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark,
      service mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
 .
 (13) This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide,
      free-of-charge patent license to make, have made, use, offer to
      sell, import and otherwise transfer the Package with respect to
      any patent claims licensable by the Copyright Holder that are
      necessarily infringed by the Package. If you institute patent
      litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim) against
      any party alleging that the Package constitutes direct or
      contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License to
      you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
 .
 (14) Disclaimer of Warranty: THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT
      HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
      IMPLIED WARRANTIES. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
      FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE
      DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY YOUR LOCAL LAW. UNLESS
      REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE
      LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
      DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE PACKAGE, EVEN
      IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSES

Creative Commons Licenses are a set of licenses designed primarily for literary and artistic works, rathjer than software; as such, it's not often used for software, but may be used for the accompanying user manual.

Creative Commons Zero (CC0)

Creative Commons Zero is a permissive license akin to Public Domain, but with fewer issues when countries do not permit authors to release their work into the public domain.

CC0 is in `/usr/share/common-licenses/' since base-files 10.1.

License: CC0
 The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically
 confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the
 creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an "owner") of an
 original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a "Work")
 .
 Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work
 for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and
 scientific works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without
 fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate
 in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any
 form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation
 commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to
 promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of
 creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or
 greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and
 efforts of others.
 .
 For these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any
 expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person
 associating CC0 with a Work (the "Affirmer"), to the extent that he or
 she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work,
 voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute
 the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and
 Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect
 of CC0 on those rights.
 .
 1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may
    be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights
    ("Copyright and Related Rights"). Copyright and Related Rights
    include, but are not limited to, the following:
 .
    1. the right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display,
       communicate, and translate a Work;
    2. moral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or
       performer(s);
    3. publicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image
       or likeness depicted in a Work;
    4. rights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a
       Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below;
    5. rights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and
       reuse of data in a Work;
    6. database rights (such as those arising under Directive
       96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of
       11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and
       under any national implementation thereof, including any
       amended or successor version of such directive); and
    7. other similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout
       the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national
       implementations thereof.
 .
 2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in
    contravention of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully,
    permanently, irrevocably and unconditionally waives, abandons,
    and surrenders all of Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights
    and associated claims and causes of action, whether now known or
    unknown (including existing as well as future claims and causes
    of action), in the Work
 .
    (i)   in all territories worldwide,
    (ii)  for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or
          treaty (including future time extensions),
    (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of
          copies, and
    (iv)  for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation
          commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the
          "Waiver"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of
          each member of the public at large and to the detriment
          of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that
          such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission,
          cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable
          action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the
          public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of
          Purpose.
 .
 3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any
    reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable
    law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent
    permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of
    Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged
    Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free,
    non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable
    and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and
    Related Rights in the Work
 .
    (i)   in all territories worldwide,
    (ii)  for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or
          treaty (including future time extensions),
    (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of
          copies, and
    (iv)  for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation
          commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the
          "License"). The License shall be deemed effective as of
          the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should
          any part of the License for any reason be judged legally
          invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial
          invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the
          remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer
          hereby affirms that he or she will not
 .
          (i)  exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and
               Related Rights in the Work or
          (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action
               with respect to the Work, in either case contrary
               to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.
 .
 4. Limitations and Disclaimers.
 .
    1. No trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived,
       abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by
       this document.
    2. Affirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations
       or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express,
       implied, statutory or otherwise, including without
       limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness
       for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence
       of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or
       absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the
       greatest extent permissible under applicable law.
    3. Affirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of
       other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof,
       including without limitation any person's Copyright and
       Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims
       responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents,
       permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work.
    4. Affirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons
       is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation
       with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike

Users are free:

Under the following conditions:

Version 2.0

This is a generic version covering works from all countries.

Note: this license is not considered "free" according to Debian's Free Software Guidelines, so content carrying this license needs to be relocated to the non-free section of the repository. See also:

License: CC-By-SA-2.0
 THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS
 CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS
 PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE
 WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW
 IS PROHIBITED.
 .
 BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND
 AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. THE LICENSOR GRANTS
 YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE
 OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
 .
 1. Definitions
 .
    1. "Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue,
       anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety
       in unmodified form, along with a number of other contributions,
       constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are
       assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a
       Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work (as
       defined below) for the purposes of this License.
    2. "Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the
       Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation,
       musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion
       picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment,
       condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be recast,
       transformed, or adapted, except that a work that constitutes a
       Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work for
       the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where
       the Work is a musical composition or sound recording, the
       synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving
       image ("synching") will be considered a Derivative Work for
       the purpose of this License.
    3. "Licensor" means the individual or entity that offers the Work
       under the terms of this License.
    4. "Original Author" means the individual or entity who created
       the Work.
    5. "Work" means the copyrightable work of authorship offered under
       the terms of this License.
    6. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this
       License who has not previously violated the terms of this License
       with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission
       from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite
       a previous violation.
    7. "License Elements" means the following high-level license
       attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title
       of this License: Attribution, ShareAlike.
 .
 2. Fair Use Rights. Nothing in this license is intended to reduce,
    limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first sale or
    other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner
    under copyright law or other applicable laws.
 .
 3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License,
    Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive,
    perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license
    to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
 .
    1. to reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more
       Collective Works, and to reproduce the Work as incorporated in
       the Collective Works;
    2. to create and reproduce Derivative Works;
    3. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly,
       perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital
       audio transmission the Work including as incorporated in
       Collective Works;
    4. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly,
       perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital
       audio transmission Derivative Works.
    5. For the avoidance of doubt, where the work is a musical
       composition:
       1. Performance Royalties Under Blanket Licenses. Licensor waives
          the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via
          a performance rights society (e.g. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC),
          royalties for the public performance or public digital
          performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work.
       2. Mechanical Rights and Statutory Royalties. Licensor waives
          the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via
          a music rights society or designated agent (e.g. Harry Fox
          Agency), royalties for any phonorecord You create from the
          Work ("cover version") and distribute, subject to the
          compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 115 of the US
          Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).
    6. Webcasting Rights and Statutory Royalties. For the avoidance of
       doubt, where the Work is a sound recording, Licensor waives the
       exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a
       performance-rights society (e.g. SoundExchange), royalties for
       the public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work,
       subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 114
       of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other
       jurisdictions).
 .
    The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether
    now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right
    to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise
    the rights in other media and formats. All rights not expressly
    granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.
 .
 4. Restrictions.The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly
    made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
 .
    1. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform the Work only under the terms of this
       License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource
       Identifier for, this License with every copy or phonorecord of
       the Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any
       terms on the Work that alter or restrict the terms of this
       License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted
       hereunder. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep intact
       all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of
       warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly
       perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work with any
       technological measures that control access or use of the Work in
       a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement.
       The above applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collective
       Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from
       the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License.
       If You create a Collective Work, upon notice from any Licensor
       You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collective
       Work any reference to such Licensor or the Original Author, as
       requested. If You create a Derivative Work, upon notice from
       any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from
       the Derivative Work any reference to such Licensor or the
       Original Author, as requested.
    2. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work only under the
       terms of this License, a later version of this License with the
       same License Elements as this License, or a Creative Commons
       iCommons license that contains the same License Elements as
       this License (e.g. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Japan). You must
       include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this
       License or other license specified in the previous sentence
       with every copy or phonorecord of each Derivative Work You
       distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly
       digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the
       Derivative Works that alter or restrict the terms of this
       License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted
       hereunder, and You must keep intact all notices that refer to
       this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not
       distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly
       digitally perform the Derivative Work with any technological
       measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner
       inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The
       above applies to the Derivative Work as incorporated in a
       Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work
       apart from the Derivative Work itself to be made subject to
       the terms of this License.
    3. If you distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform the Work or any Derivative Works or
       Collective Works, You must keep intact all copyright notices
       for the Work and give the Original Author credit reasonable to
       the medium or means You are utilizing by conveying the name (or
       pseudonym if applicable) of the Original Author if supplied;
       the title of the Work if supplied; to the extent reasonably
       practicable, the Uniform Resource Identifier, if any, that
       Licensor specifies to be associated with the Work, unless such
       URI does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing
       information for the Work; and in the case of a Derivative Work,
       a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Derivative Work
       (e.g., "French translation of the Work by Original Author," or
       "Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author"). Such
       credit may be implemented in any reasonable manner; provided,
       however, that in the case of a Derivative Work or Collective
       Work, at a minimum such credit will appear where any other
       comparable authorship credit appears and in a manner at least
       as prominent as such other comparable authorship credit.
 .
 5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer. UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED
    TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS-IS AND
    MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE
    MATERIALS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING,
    WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS
    FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT
    OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS,
    WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE
    EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY
    TO YOU.
 .
 6. Limitation on Liability. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY
    APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY
    LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
    OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE
    WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    DAMAGES.
 .
 7. Termination
 .
    1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate
       automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this
       License. Individuals or entities who have received Derivative
       Works or Collective Works from You under this License, however,
       will not have their licenses terminated provided such
       individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those
       licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any
       termination of this License.
    2. Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted
       here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright
       in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the
       right to release the Work under different license terms or to
       stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that
       any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or
       any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted
       under the terms of this License), and this License will continue
       in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above.
 .
 8. Miscellaneous
 .
    1. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform the Work
       or a Collective Work, the Licensor offers to the recipient a
       license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the
       license granted to You under this License.
    2. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform a
       Derivative Work, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to
       the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the
       license granted to You under this License.
    3. If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable
       under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or
       enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License,
       and without further action by the parties to this agreement,
       such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary
       to make such provision valid and enforceable.
    4. No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and
       no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be
       in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such
       waiver or consent.
    5. This License constitutes the entire agreement between the
       parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no
       understandings, agreements or representations with respect to
       the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any
       additional provisions that may appear in any communication from
       You. This License may not be modified without the mutual written
       agreement of the Licensor and You.

Version 3.0

United States

This version applies works produced within the United States of America.

License: CC-By-SA-3.0-US
 THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS
 CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS
 PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE
 WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS
 PROHIBITED.
 .
 BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND
 AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. TO THE EXTENT THIS
 LICENSE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE A CONTRACT, THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU
 THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF
 SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
 .
 1. Definitions
 .
    1. "Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue,
       anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety
       in unmodified form, along with one or more other contributions,
       constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are
       assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a
       Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work (as
       defined below) for the purposes of this License.
 .
    2. "Creative Commons Compatible License" means a license that is
       listed at http://creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses that
       has been approved by Creative Commons as being essentially
       equivalent to this License, including, at a minimum, because
       that license:
       (i)  contains terms that have the same purpose, meaning and
            effect as the License Elements of this License; and,
       (ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of derivatives of works
            made available under that license under this License or
            either a Creative Commons unported license or a Creative
            Commons jurisdiction license with the same License
            Elements as this License.
 .
    3. "Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the
       Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation,
       musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion
       picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment,
       condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be
       recast, transformed, or adapted, except that a work that
       constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a
       Derivative Work for the purpose of this License. For the
       avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical composition or
       sound recording, the synchronization of the Work in
       timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be
       considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License.
 .
    4. "License Elements" means the following high-level license
       attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title
       of this License: Attribution, ShareAlike.
 .
    5. "Licensor" means the individual, individuals, entity or
       entities that offers the Work under the terms of this License.
 .
    6. "Original Author" means the individual, individuals, entity or
       entities who created the Work.
 .
    7. "Work" means the copyrightable work of authorship offered under
       the terms of this License.
 .
    8. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under
       this License who has not previously violated the terms of this
       License with respect to the Work, or who has received express
       permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this
       License despite a previous violation.
 .
 2. Fair Use Rights. Nothing in this license is intended to reduce,
    limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first sale or
    other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner
    under copyright law or other applicable laws.
 .
 3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this
    License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
    non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable
    copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated
    below:
 .
    1. to reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more
       Collective Works, and to reproduce the Work as incorporated in
       the Collective Works;
 .
    2. to create and reproduce Derivative Works provided that any such
       Derivative Work, including any translation in any medium, takes
       reasonable steps to clearly label, demarcate or otherwise
       identify that changes were made to the original Work. For
       example, a translation could be marked "The original work was
       translated from English to Spanish," or a modification could
       indicate "The original work has been modified.";
 .
    3. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly,
       perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital
       audio transmission the Work including as incorporated in
       Collective Works;
 .
    4. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly,
       perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital
       audio transmission Derivative Works.
 .
    5. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical
       composition:
       1. Performance Royalties Under Blanket Licenses. Licensor
          waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually
          or, in the event that Licensor is a member of a performance
          rights society (e.g. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC), via that society,
          royalties for the public performance or public digital
          performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work.
       2. Mechanical Rights and Statutory Royalties. Licensor waives
          the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via
          a music rights agency or designated agent (e.g. Harry Fox
          Agency), royalties for any phonorecord You create from the
          Work ("cover version") and distribute, subject to the
          compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 115 of the US
          Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).
 .
    6. Webcasting Rights and Statutory Royalties. For the avoidance of
       doubt, where the Work is a sound recording, Licensor waives the
       exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a
       performance-rights society (e.g. SoundExchange), royalties for
       the public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work,
       subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 114
       of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other
       jurisdictions).
 .
    The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether
    now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right
    to make such modifications as are technically necessary to
    exercise the rights in other media and formats. All rights not
    expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.
 .
 4. Restrictions. The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly
    made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
 .
    1. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform the Work only under the terms of
       this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform
       Resource Identifier for, this License with every copy or
       phonorecord of the Work You distribute, publicly display,
       publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not
       offer or impose any terms on the Work that restrict the terms
       of this License or the ability of a recipient of the Work to
       exercise of the rights granted to that recipient under the
       terms of the License. You may not sublicense the Work. You must
       keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the
       disclaimer of warranties. When You distribute, publicly
       display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the
       Work, You may not impose any technological measures on the Work
       that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You
       to exercise of the rights granted to that recipient under the
       terms of the License. This Section 4(a) applies to the Work as
       incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require
       the Collective Work apart from the Work itself to be made
       subject to the terms of this License. If You create a
       Collective Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the
       extent practicable, remove from the Collective Work any credit
       as required by Section 4(c), as requested. If You create a
       Derivative Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the
       extent practicable, remove from the Derivative Work any credit
       as required by Section 4(c), as requested.
 .
    2. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work only under:
       (i)   the terms of this License;
       (ii)  a later version of this License with the same License
             Elements as this License; (iii) either the Creative
             Commons (Unported) license or a Creative Commons
             jurisdiction license (either this or a later license
             version) that contains the same License Elements as this
             License (e.g. Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 (Unported));
       (iv) a Creative Commons Compatible License. If you license the
            Derivative Work under one of the licenses mentioned in
            (iv), you must comply with the terms of that license. If
            you license the Derivative Work under the terms of any of
            the licenses mentioned in (i), (ii) or (iii) (the
            "Applicable License"), you must comply with the terms of
            the Applicable License generally and with the following
            provisions:
            (I)   You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource
                  Identifier for, the Applicable License with every
                  copy or phonorecord of each Derivative Work You
                  distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
                  publicly digitally perform;
            (II)  You may not offer or impose any terms on the
                  Derivative Works that restrict the terms of the
                  Applicable License or the ability of a recipient of
                  the Work to exercise the rights granted to that
                  recipient under the terms of the Applicable License;
            (III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to the
                  Applicable License and to the disclaimer of
                  warranties; and,
            (IV)  when You distribute, publicly display, publicly
                  perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work, You
                  may not impose any technological measures on the
                  Derivative Work that restrict the ability of a
                  recipient of the Derivative Work from You to
                  exercise the rights granted to that recipient under
                  the terms of the Applicable License. This Section
                  4(b) applies to the Derivative Work as incorporated
                  in a Collective Work, but this does not require the
                  Collective Work apart from the Derivative Work
                  itself to be made subject to the terms of the
                  Applicable License.
 .
    3. If You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform the Work (as defined in Section 1
       above) or any Derivative Works (as defined in Section 1 above)
       or Collective Works (as defined in Section 1 above), You must,
       unless a request has been made pursuant to Section 4(a), keep
       intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide,
       reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing:
       (i)  the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if
            applicable) if supplied, and/or
       (ii) if the Original Author and/or Licensor designate another
            party or parties (e.g. a sponsor institute, publishing
            entity, journal) for attribution ("Attribution Parties")
            in Licensor's copyright notice, terms of service or by
            other reasonable means, the name of such party or parties;
            the title of the Work if supplied; to the extent
            reasonably practicable, the Uniform Resource Identifier,
            if any, that Licensor specifies to be associated with the
            Work, unless such URI does not refer to the copyright
            notice or licensing information for the Work; and,
            consistent with Section 3(b) in the case of a Derivative
            Work, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the
            Derivative Work (e.g., "French translation of the Work by
            Original Author," or "Screenplay based on original Work by
            Original Author"). The credit required by this Section
            4(c) may be implemented in any reasonable manner;
            provided, however, that in the case of a Derivative Work
            or Collective Work, at a minimum such credit will appear,
            if a credit for all contributing authors of the Derivative
            Work or Collective Work appears, then as part of these
            credits and in a manner at least as prominent as the
            credits for the other contributing authors. For the
            avoidance of doubt, You may only use the credit required
            by this Section for the purpose of attribution in the
            manner set out above and, by exercising Your rights under
            this License, You may not implicitly or explicitly assert
            or imply any connection with, sponsorship or endorsement
            by the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution
            Parties, as appropriate, of You or Your use of the Work,
            without the separate, express prior written permission of
            the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution Parties.
 .
 5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer. UNLESS OTHERWISE
    MUTUALLY AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE
    WORK AS-IS AND ONLY TO THE EXTENT OF ANY RIGHTS HELD IN THE
    LICENSED WORK BY THE LICENSOR. THE LICENSOR MAKES NO
    REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE WORK,
    EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT
    LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MARKETABILITY, MERCHANTIBILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE
    OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE
    OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT
    ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY
    NOT APPLY TO YOU.
 .
 6. Limitation on Liability. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY
    APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY
    LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
    OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE
    WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    DAMAGES.
 .
 7. Termination
 .
    1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate
       automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this
       License. Individuals or entities who have received Derivative
       Works or Collective Works from You under this License, however,
       will not have their licenses terminated provided such
       individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those
       licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any
       termination of this License.
    2. Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted
       here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright
       in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the
       right to release the Work under different license terms or to
       stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that
       any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or
       any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted
       under the terms of this License), and this License will
       continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated
       above.
 .
 8. Miscellaneous
 .
    1. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform the Work
       (as defined in Section 1 above) or a Collective Work (as
       defined in Section 1 above), the Licensor offers to the
       recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and
       conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
    2. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform a
       Derivative Work, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to
       the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the
       license granted to You under this License.
    3. If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable
       under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or
       enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License,
       and without further action by the parties to this agreement,
       such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent
       necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
    4. No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and
       no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be
       in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such
       waiver or consent.
    5. This License constitutes the entire agreement between the
       parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no
       understandings, agreements or representations with respect to
       the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any
       additional provisions that may appear in any communication from
       You. This License may not be modified without the mutual
       written agreement of the Licensor and You.

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5

Users are free:

Under the following conditions:

License: CC-By-NC-SA-2.5
 THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS
 CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS
 PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE
 WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS
 PROHIBITED.
 .
 BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND
 AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. THE LICENSOR GRANTS
 YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF
 SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
 .
 1. Definitions
 .
    1. "Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue,
       anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety in
       unmodified form, along with a number of other contributions,
       constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are
       assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a
       Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work (as
       defined below) for the purposes of this License.
    2. "Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the
       Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation,
       musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion
       picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment,
       condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be
       recast, transformed, or adapted, except that a work that
       constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a
       Derivative Work for the purpose of this License. For the
       avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical composition or
       sound recording, the synchronization of the Work in
       timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be
       considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License.
   3. "Licensor" means the individual or entity that offers the Work
      under the terms of this License.
   4. "Original Author" means the individual or entity who created
      the Work.
   5. "Work" means the copyrightable work of authorship offered under
      the terms of this License.
   6. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under
      this License who has not previously violated the terms of this
      License with respect to the Work, or who has received express
      permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this
      License despite a previous violation.
   7. "License Elements" means the following high-level license
      attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title
      of this License: Attribution, Noncommercial, ShareAlike.
 .
 2. Fair Use Rights. Nothing in this license is intended to reduce,
    limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first sale
    or other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright
    owner under copyright law or other applicable laws.
 .
 3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this
    License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
    non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable
    copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated
    below:
 .
    1. to reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more
       Collective Works, and to reproduce the Work as incorporated in
       the Collective Works;
    2. to create and reproduce Derivative Works;
    3. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly,
       perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital
       audio transmission the Work including as incorporated in
       Collective Works;
    4. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly,
       perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital
       audio transmission Derivative Works;
 .
 The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether
 now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right
 to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise
 the rights in other media and formats. All rights not expressly
 granted by Licensor are hereby reserved, including but not limited
 to the rights set forth in Sections 4(e) and 4(f).
 .
 4. Restrictions. The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly
    made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
 .
    1. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform the Work only under the terms of
       this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform
       Resource Identifier for, this License with every copy or
       phonorecord of the Work You distribute, publicly display,
       publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not
       offer or impose any terms on the Work that alter or restrict
       the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the
       rights granted hereunder. You may not sublicense the Work. You
       must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to
       the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly
       display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the
       Work with any technological measures that control access or
       use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of
       this License Agreement. The above applies to the Work as
       incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require
       the Collective Work apart from the Work itself to be made
       subject to the terms of this License. If You create a
       Collective Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to
       the extent practicable, remove from the Collective Work any
       credit as required by clause 4(d), as requested. If You create
       a Derivative Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to
       the extent practicable, remove from the Derivative Work any
       credit as required by clause 4(d), as requested.
    2. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work only under the
       terms of this License, a later version of this License with
       the same License Elements as this License, or a Creative
       Commons iCommons license that contains the same License
       Elements as this License
       (e.g. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Japan). You must
       include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this
       License or other license specified in the previous sentence
       with every copy or phonorecord of each Derivative Work You
       distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly
       digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on
       the Derivative Works that alter or restrict the terms of this
       License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted
       hereunder, and You must keep intact all notices that refer to
       this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not
       distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly
       digitally perform the Derivative Work with any technological
       measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner
       inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The
       above applies to the Derivative Work as incorporated in a
       Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work
       apart from the Derivative Work itself to be made subject to
       the terms of this License.
    3. You may not exercise any of the rights granted to You in
       Section 3 above in any manner that is primarily intended for
       or directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary
       compensation. The exchange of the Work for other copyrighted
       works by means of digital file-sharing or otherwise shall not
       be considered to be intended for or directed toward commercial
       advantage or private monetary compensation, provided there is
       no payment of any monetary compensation in connection with the
       exchange of copyrighted works.
    4. If you distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or
       publicly digitally perform the Work or any Derivative Works or
       Collective Works, You must keep intact all copyright notices
       for the Work and provide, reasonable to the medium or means
       You are utilizing:
       (i)  the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if
            applicable) if supplied, and/or
       (ii) if the Original Author and/or Licensor designate another
            party or parties (e.g. a sponsor institute, publishing
            entity, journal) for attribution in Licensor's copyright
            notice, terms of service or by other reasonable means,
            the name of such party or parties; the title of the Work
            if supplied; to the extent reasonably practicable, the
            Uniform Resource Identifier, if any, that Licensor
            specifies to be associated with the Work, unless such URI
            does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing
            information for the Work; and in the case of a Derivative
            Work, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the
            Derivative Work (e.g., "French translation of the Work by
            Original Author," or "Screenplay based on original Work
            by Original Author"). Such credit may be implemented in
            any reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the case
            of a Derivative Work or Collective Work, at a minimum such
            credit will appear where any other comparable authorship
            credit appears and in a manner at least as prominent as
            such other comparable authorship credit.
    5. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical
       composition:
       1. Performance Royalties Under Blanket Licenses. Licensor
          reserves the exclusive right to collect, whether
          individually or via a performance rights society
          (e.g. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC), royalties for the public
          performance or public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of
          the Work if that performance is primarily intended for or
          directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary
          compensation.
       2. Mechanical Rights and Statutory Royalties. Licensor reserves
          the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via
          a music rights agency or designated agent (e.g. Harry Fox
          Agency), royalties for any phonorecord You create from the
          Work ("cover version") and distribute, subject to the
          compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 115 of the US
          Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions),
          if Your distribution of such cover version is primarily
          intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or
          private monetary compensation.
    6. Webcasting Rights and Statutory Royalties. For the avoidance of
       doubt, where the Work is a sound recording, Licensor reserves
       the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a
       performance-rights society (e.g. SoundExchange), royalties for
       the public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work,
       subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 114
       of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other
       jurisdictions), if Your public digital performance is primarily
       intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or private
       monetary compensation.
 .
 5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer. UNLESS OTHERWISE
    MUTUALLY AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE
    WORK AS-IS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND
    CONCERNING THE WORK, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE,
    INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE,
    MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
    NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS,
    ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT
    DISCOVERABLE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF
    IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
 .
 6. Limitation on Liability. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY
    APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY
    LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
    OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE
    WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    DAMAGES.
 .
 7. Termination
 .
    1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate
       automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this
       License. Individuals or entities who have received Derivative
       Works or Collective Works from You under this License, however,
       will not have their licenses terminated provided such
       individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those
       licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any
       termination of this License.
    2. Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted
       here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright
       in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the
       right to release the Work under different license terms or to
       stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that
       any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or
       any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted
       under the terms of this License), and this License will
       continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated
       above.
 .
 8. Miscellaneous
 .
    1. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform the Work
       or a Collective Work, the Licensor offers to the recipient a
       license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the
       license granted to You under this License.
    2. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform a
       Derivative Work, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to
       the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the
       license granted to You under this License.
    3. If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable
       under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or
       enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License,
       and without further action by the parties to this agreement,
       such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent
       necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
    4. No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived
       and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall
       be in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such
       waiver or consent.
    5. This License constitutes the entire agreement between the
       parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no
       understandings, agreements or representations with respect to
       the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any
       additional provisions that may appear in any communication from
       You. This License may not be modified without the mutual
       written agreement of the Licensor and You.

MISSING INFORMATION

Sometimes an upstream author will be missing some or all of the information required. It is important to have all of the copyright information; for new packages, the ftp-master team will reject packages that do not have proper copyright and licensing information. It's important to do this in order to ensure we (and others) can legally distribute the software. Here is a sample message you can use.

CPAN Request Tracker

Hi:

While packaging your module for Debian, I noticed that it doesn't seem to mention [copyright information, or license information, or both].

Copyright/license information is needed in order for us (and others) to be able to legally distribute the software. Could you please give us (replying to this bug report is fine): years of copyright, copyright holders' names, copyright holders' e-mail addresses (if appropriate).

This is more than just a Debian issue. I'm not a lawyer, but it's my understanding that both copyright and licensing information is vital for the continued success of open source software. Copyright is what allows you to assert a license, and a license is what gives others the rights to use and re-distribute your software. A great article discussing some of this is "What is Copyleft?" by Richard Stallman: https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/

Thanks for releasing your work to the CPAN. I apologize in advance for the noise, as I understand that the last thing most authors want to deal with is legal administrivia like this. I do hope, however, that you could (in your continued generosity) help us with this request. Please also consider adding these statements to your code/package README, since we must distribute some evidence of copyright information if it is not in the source package itself.

Cheers,

[Your Name] On behalf of the Debian Perl Team

E-mail

Hi:

While packaging your module, [Foo::Bar], for Debian, I noticed that it doesn't seem to mention [copyright information, or license information, or both].

Copyright/license information in order for us (and others) to be able to legally distribute the software. Could you please give us (replying to this email is fine): years of copyright, copyright holders' names, copyright holders' e-mail addresses (if appropriate).

This is more than just a Debian issue. I'm not a lawyer, but it's my understanding that both copyright and licensing information is vital for the continued success of open source software. Copyright is what allows you to assert a license, and a license is what gives others the rights to use and re-distribute your software. A great article discussing some of this is "What is Copyleft?" by Richard Stallman: https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/

Thanks for releasing your work to the CPAN. I apologize in advance for the noise, as I understand that the last thing most authors want to deal with is legal administrivia like this. I do hope, however, that you could (in your continued generosity) help us with this request. Please also consider adding these statements to your code/package README, since we must distribute some evidence of copyright information if it is not in the source package itself.

Cheers,

[Your Name] On behalf of the Debian Perl Team

Berne Convention

Sometimes upstream distribution does not contain an explicit statement of copyright ownership. In this case the comment below should be added in addition to clarify this issue with upstream.

Comment: The upstream distribution does not contain an explicit statement of
 copyright ownership. Pursuant to the Berne Convention for the Protection of
 Literary and Artistic Works, it is assumed that all content is copyright by
 its respective authors unless otherwise stated.

CONTRIBUTORS

The following people have contributed to the maintainership of this file:

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2009-2018 by the individual contributors noted above.

This document is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

Perl is distributed under your choice of the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License.

On Debian GNU/Linux systems, the complete text of the GNU General Public License can be found in `/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL' and the Artistic License in `/usr/share/common-licenses/Artistic'.

Any decisions that need to be made regarding the licensing, copyright and distribution of this file shall be determined by majority vote between the current members of the Debian Perl Team, with one vote for all members, and an additional vote granted to Debian Developers.